Integrating Fourier Series Applet.
Cuthbert Nyack
An integrator has a transfer function which is inversely proportional
to frequency and a constant phase lag of 90º.
Equation above shows the Fourier Series of a square wave
with some terms in red added to show the effect of integration. As
"a" changes from 0 to 1, the wave changes from a square wave (shown in
magenta) to a triangle wave (shown in red). Applet below graphically
illustrates the effect.
A corresponding equation and applet for the triangular wave is shown below.
Note that one of the effects of integration is to "smooth" the signal
from a linear function of t to a quadratic function.
Discontinuities in amplitude are transformed to discontinuities in
gradient etc, and the Fourier series converges much faster.
When activated the following gif image show how the applets should appear.
Return to main page
Return to page index
COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cuthbert Nyack.